Utya ntoni umntwana kwinyanga yesithandathu, utya amacephe amangaphi umntwana kwinyanga yesithandathu?

Usana oluneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala lwatya ihlabathi likaEva

Oomama abatsha bafumana imeko yovuyo kunye nomdla xa umntwana wabo efikelela kwinyanga yesithandathu, xa eqaliswa ngokutya okuqinileyo okokuqala. Ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokhuseleko lomntwana, inkqubo yokwazisa ukutya kufuneka yenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ngokutsho kweposi kwiforum yeHlabathi ka-Eva, ukuqala ukutya komntwana kwinyanga yesithandathu kunokwenziwa ngokutya okufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwezi zidlo, ii-apula zibhekwa njengenye yezona zinto zikhethwa kakhulu, njengoko ziqulethe i-folic acid, eyimfuneko ekubunjweni kweeseli kunye nezicubu kumzimba womntwana. Ii-apile nazo zizityebi kuluhlu olubanzi lweevithamini kunye neeminerali ezifana ne-phosphorus kunye ne-calcium.

Ukongezelela, i-semolina ephekiweyo kunye ne-oats yomhlaba inokunikwa njengezidlo zokuqala zomntwana. Kungcono ukukhonza imifuno ngaphambi kweziqhamo, njengoko i-zucchini, i-carrots, iitapile, kunye nee-ertyisi zingasetyenziselwa kwaye zihanjiswe zibilisiwe kunye nomhlaba ukuququzelela inkqubo yokugaya.

Xa kuziwa ekunikezeni iziqhamo, ukulala ngesondo kuthathwa njengekhuselekile kwinyanga yesithandathu yokukhulelwa, ngaphandle kokuba akukho ngxaki yezempilo. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naluphi na uhlobo lokutya kumntwana.

Koomama, kucetyiswa ukuba badle ukutya okuncinci ngexesha lokutya, ngokukodwa ukutya imifuno kunye neziqhamo. Imifuno efanelekileyo iquka: iminqathe, umngqusho, isipinatshi, iimbotyi, iiertyisi, iasparagus, iitumato, iitapile eziswiti okanye ezimhlophe, kunye neebhiti, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa zintsha, zikhenkcezisiweyo, okanye zinkonkxiweyo.

I-Cauliflower, iklabishi kunye ne-kale kufuneka ziphekwe embizeni evulekileyo ukuze zikhuphe incasa enamandla. Xa usebenzisa imifuno esemathinini efana nee-ertyisi, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba iqulethe ityuwa eninzi.

Ukuqinisekisa isondlo esifanelekileyo kubantwana bethu, kungcono ukutya iintlanzi ezininzi, njengoko ziqulethe izondlo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, njengeprotheni kunye ne-omega-3 acids.

Zingaphi izidlo ezifunwa ngumntwana kwinyanga yesithandathu?

Xa usana lufikelela kwiinyanga ezintandathu ubudala, luqalisa ukuhlola nokuzama ukutya okuqinileyo. Inani lokutya kwakhe liyahluka kweli nqanaba, kuxhomekeka kwindlela atya ngayo, ukwamkeleka kwakhe ukutya, nokuxhomekeka kwakhe kubisi olwenziwayo okanye ekuncanciseni.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala unokutya ukutya okuncinci kathathu ngosuku, kunye nesidlo ngasinye esilinganisa i-28 grams, elilingana namacephe amabini. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mali ingahluka ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zesondlo somntwana zifezekiswa kwinyanga yesithandathu, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo:

1. Nika i-1-2 iicephe zokutya kwisidlo ngasinye somntwana.
2. Qaphela ukuba umntwana uye waqhelisela ukuqina kwentamo yakhe kweli nqanaba.
3. Kubalulekile ukunika umntwana ubisi olungumgubo okanye ukuncancisa njengomthombo wesondlo osisiseko.
4. Nge-6:30 kusasa, kubhetele ukuba umntwana afumane ubisi njengesidlo sakhe sokuqala.
5. Kuphephe ukunika ukutya okubuthathaka okufana nobisi lwenkomo, amaqanda, isoya, amandongomane, amandongomane, imbewu, ingqolowa, nentlanzi phambi kokuba umntwana abe neenyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
6. Kweli nqanaba, umntwana ufuna malunga ne-1000 millilitha zobisi ngosuku, ngaphezu kokutya.
7. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izidlo ezintathu eziphambili ngosuku, kunye nemifuno njengesidlo esahlukileyo.
8. Kucetyiswa ukubonelela ngezidlo ezi-5-6 ngosuku kumntwana, kunye nesidlo rhoqo ngeeyure ezingama-2-3, kunye nezidlo ezi-3 eziphambili kunye ne-snacks ezimbini ngosuku.

Uqala nini umntwana ukutya ukutya okuphekwe ekhaya?

U-Abu Shadi wathi bonke abantwana baqala ukutya ukutya beqala kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, le minyaka ayinakuthathwa njengomgaqo opheleleyo, njengoko kukho iimeko ezikhethekileyo kubantwana abathile.

Isizathu sokuba uninzi loomama baqalise ukwazisa ukutya okuqinileyo malunga neenyanga ezintandathu kungenxa yokwanda kwamandla kunye neemfuno zesondlo zomntwana. Kubalulekile ukuba esi sondlo songezwe kubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo olufunyanwa ngumntwana. Kufuneka ulinde de kubekho iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba umntwana ukulungele ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo.

Ukwazisa ukutya okuqinileyo kuqala ngokunika umntwana iseti yeesiriyeli ekulula ukuziginya emva kokuba efikelele kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ekuqaleni, ixutywe kunye nexabiso elincinci lolwelo kwaye emva koko inani elinikeziweyo liye landiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba uqalise ukutya okuqinileyo kwiintsana ezineenyanga ezintandathu ubudala. Oku kubangelwa kukukhula kwezakhono zomzimba zomntwana ngelo xesha.

Ukuqukumbela, kufuneka sikhankanye ukuba nangona iintsana ezineenyanga ezintandathu ubudala zidla ukutya okuqinileyo, azidingi manani amakhulu ngaphambi kokuba zityiswe. Ubisi lwebele lwendalo okanye ubisi olungumgubo ebebelusebenzisa kule minyaka yobudala izalisekisa iimfuno zabo zesondlo ezisisiseko.

Ngaba umntwana unikwa iyogathi kwinyanga yesithandathu?

Izifundo zenzululwazi ziye zaqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukubonelela nge-yogurt kubantwana ekuqaleni kwenyanga yesithandathu kukutya okunesondlo okufanelekileyo kunye nenzuzo. Iyogathi kukutya okuthambileyo ekulula ukuba abantwana bakutye kweli nqanaba lincinci lobomi babo.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunika iyogurt kubantwana emva kweenyanga ezi-6. Kule nqanaba, i-yogurt ingabandakanywa kwisidlo somntwana wemihla ngemihla ngamanani amancinci. I-yogurt ithathwa njengokutya okucebileyo kwiprotheni, i-calcium, iivithamini kunye nezinye iiminerali ezibalulekileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni umntwana.

Iyogathi lukhetho olubalulekileyo lwezondlo kwiintsana eziqala ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo. Iqulethe ipesenti ephezulu ye-calcium, ekhuthaza amathambo kunye namazinyo aphilileyo. I-yogurt ikwaneprotheni efunekayo kwizicubu kunye nokukhula kwemisipha. 4

Uphononongo lucebisa ukuba iintsana ezineenyanga ezintandathu ubudala zitye phakathi kwekota kunye nesiqingatha sekomityi yeyogathi yonke imihla. Noko ke, iyogathi ayifanele igqalwe njengesidlo esisisiseko, kunoko, inokutyiwa phakathi kwezinye izidlo zamaqunube, imifuno, neenkozo.

Iintsana ezineenyanga ezintandathu ubudala zinokuyitya iyogathi enamafutha apheleleyo, kodwa kubhetele ukuyipha ngomlinganiselo omncinane emini. Oku kuhambelana nesidingo sokulinganisela isondlo kunye nokubonelela ngeentlobo zokutya okunye okunesondlo kusana.

Ukongeza kwi-yogurt, kucetyiswa ukuba unikeze ukutya okuthambileyo kunye nenzuzo kubantwana xa beqala ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo. Iinkozo ezigayiweyo, imifuno ebilisiweyo necoliweyo, iziqhamo ezicujiweyo, nenyama ethambileyo nephekwe kakuhle inokunikelwa.

Ngaba umntwana udla amaqanda kwinyanga yesithandathu?

Uphononongo lwakutshanje lwaseMelika lufikelele kwiziphumo ezibalulekileyo malunga nokutya kweentsana, lubonisa ukuba ukutya amaqanda kwiinyanga ezintandathu kunokuba luncedo ekukhuleni kwabo nasekukhuleni kwengqondo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubudala obufanelekileyo bokungenisa amaqanda ekutyeni kweentsana ziinyanga ezintandathu ubudala.

Kukhethwa ukunika amaqanda kwiintsana emva kokugqiba inyanga yesithandathu yobomi, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezondlo eziyimfuneko eziqulethwe ngamaqanda ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni ingqondo ebantwaneni. Nangona olunye uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ukulibaziseka ukufakwa kwamaqanda ekutyeni de kube semva kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala kusenokwandisa amathuba okuba abantwana bangakwazi ukwalana nezinto ezithile, olunye uhlolisiso luqinisekisa ukuba ukutya amaqanda kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi kunokuwanciphisa kamva.

Oogqirha neengcaphephe bacebisa ukulungiselela amaqanda kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba uwanike iintsana, ngokuwabilisa okanye ngokuwapheka de abe ngaphezu kobushushu obukhuselekileyo ukuze asetyenziswe. Ngokuphathelele i-yolk yeqanda, inokunikezelwa kumntwana oneminyaka engama-9 ubudala, kunye nesidingo sokubilisa amaqanda kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-yolk iyahlukana ngokulula kumhlophe.

Kulo mongo, i-Poultry Industry Development Association iqinisekisile ukuba oomama banokubonelela ngee-yolks zeqanda kubantwana babo ukususela kwiinyanga ze-6 njengenye yokutya okuphambili kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lezondlo, ngokuhambelana neziphakamiso zesondlo.

Umntwana kufuneka anikwe nini iibhanana?

Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokunika umntwana iibhanana ngokuhlwa, ngaphambi kokulala. Iibhanana ziya kunceda umntwana aphumle kwaye alale ubuthongo obukhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha batusa ukuqala ukunika iintsana iibhanana malunga neenyanga ezintandathu ubudala, apho umntwana eqala ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo.

Ugqirha wabantwana wacebisa ukuba oomama banike iintsana iibhanana emva kokuba zifikelele iinyanga ezintandathu, yaye iibhanana zifanele zicutywe kakuhle ukuze zingabi nangxaki yokuziginya.

Ibhanana encinci inokunikwa umntwana oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukumnika amandla afunekayo kunye nemvakalelo yokuzala ixesha elide. Unako kwakhona ukunika iibhanana ezininzi kumntwana kwisidlo sakusasa, njengoko iibhanana zingumthombo olungileyo wamandla kunye nokuhlutha.

Kubalulekile ukwazisa iibhanana ekutyeni komntwana emva kokuba efikelele kwiinyanga ezintandathu ubudala aze aqalise ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo. Xa umntwana eneenyanga ezisithoba ubudala, unokunikwa amaqhekeza amancinane ebhanana okanye ibhanana ecujiweyo kancinane, njengoko umntwana ekwazi ukuhlafuna ukutya kule minyaka.

Iibhanana zezinye zezinto zokuqala eziqinileyo ezinokwaziswa kukutya komntwana. Usana lunokuqalisa ukutya iibhanana luneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala, yaye ukuba lunengxaki yokuhlafuna, lunokunikwa iibhanana ezicujiweyo.

Umntwana angayitya nini inkukhu?

Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe inkukhu ekutyeni kweentsana ukusuka kwinyanga yesithandathu. Oku kwenziwa emva kokuba umntwana eqalise ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo ngokubanzi.

Ngenyanga yesibhozo, kucetyiswa ukuba uzame ukuzisa inyama kunye nomhluzi wenkukhu ekudleni komntwana kwizigaba ezimbini. Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala zenyanga, umhluzi wenyama kunye nomhluzi wenkukhu unokunikwa umntwana. Emva koko, amaqhekeza amancinci enyama ebilisiwe kunye nenkukhu inokunikwa.

Ukongeza, kukhethwa ukubonelela ngenyama ebomvu kubantwana emva kokufikelela kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuze bafumane isinyithi esiyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwabo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba inyama ebomvu iqulethe ipesenti ephezulu ye-nitrate, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe inkukhu njengenye indlela yokufikelela kwiimfuno zeprotheni kunye nentsimbi.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba kucetyiswa ukuba uhlehlise ukwazisa amaqanda kwisondlo somntwana de kube emva konyaka omnye ubudala, ngakumbi ukuba kukho imbali yentsapho yalo naluphi na uhlobo lokwaliwa.

Ngokubanzi, kufuneka udibane nogqirha oyingcali ngaphambi kokuba uzise nayiphi na into entsha yokutya kubantwana, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifanelekile kwelo qela leminyaka kwaye ugweme nayiphi na ingozi yempilo enokuthi ivele.

Zingaphi iicephe ezityiwa lusana kwinyanga yesithandathu?

Ukutya okutyiwa lusana kwiinyanga ezintandathu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhula nokukhula kwakhe. Ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwisondlo esilungeleleneyo nesingafaniyo, oomama kufuneka balandele imigaqo ethile ebalulekileyo yesondlo.

Ngokwezifundo zamva nje, umntwana oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala unokutya izidlo ezi-3 ezincinci ngosuku. Ukutya okunye okunobunzima be-28 grams kuthathwa njengokulingana namacephe amabini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le mali ingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kumntwana.

Ngokuphathelele ukutya okunokuthi kunikwe umntwana kwinyanga yesithandathu, kulungele ukuqala ngokunikela ngemifuno ecoliweyo okanye iziqhamo. Iipuniponi ezi-3 zemifuno ecocekileyo okanye iziqhamo zinokuhanjiswa ngesidlo sakusasa.

Ukuqinisekisa ukutya okuhlukahlukeneyo kunye nokutya okunempilo kumntwana, kucetyiswa ukuba unikeze izidlo ezi-5-6 ngosuku, kwisantya sokutya rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-2-3. Ezi zidlo ziquka izidlo ezi-3 eziphambili kunye ne-snacks ezimbini.

Ukongezelela, kucetyiswa ukuba kulungiswe ukutya okucocekileyo ngononophelo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba kuthambile ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela ukukhula nokuphuhliswa komlomo wosana. Kukhethwa ukuba uqale ngokunika iipunipopu ezimbalwa zokutya okucocekileyo enye ukuya kathathu ngosuku.

Nangona umntwana oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala akafuni ukutya okuninzi ukuze anelise, kuyimfuneko ukwahlula ukutya ngokuchanekileyo. Ukutya komntwana kunokwahlulwa kube ngamacephe kwaye kuqaliswe ngokukuphakelwa kanye okanye kabini ngosuku.

Zingaphi izidlo zeCeelac ngosuku?

Ngokweengcebiso zeWorld Health Organisation (WHO), iintsana ezineenyanga ezi-6 ubudala kufuneka zinikwe ukutya okuqinileyo kabini ukuya kathathu ngemini. ICerelac ithathwa njengenye yokutya okuqinileyo okufanelekileyo okunikwa iintsana ngeli xesha.

Nangona kunjalo, iCerelac akufuneki ifakwe endaweni yobisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo olusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuncancisa. ICerelac sisongezo sesondlo sokuncancisa okanye ubisi olungumgubo, hayi ukutya ngokwayo. Ke ngoko, ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo kufuneka luqhubeke lunikwa njengowona mthombo wokutya komntwana, ukongeza kokongeza iCeelac.

Kukwaluncedo ukwazisa iCerelac kokunye ukutya okuqinileyo okutyiwa ngumntwana, ukomeleza izidlo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphucula impilo yakhe. Ngeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-8, kulungele ukunika umntwana kwiipuniponi ezi-3 ukuya kwiipuniponi ezili-9 zeCerelac emini. Kungcono ukwahlula le mali ibe zizidlo ezibini okanye ezithathu.

Ngaphaya koko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungadibanisi iCerelac nayo nayiphi na enye into yokutya, njengoko ithathwa njengomthombo otyebileyo wezithako zesondlo kwaye isebenza njengesongezelelo sokuncancisa okanye ubisi olungumgubo. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuqhubeka unika ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo kunye neCerelac.

Ngokuphathelele ukongeza iziqholo kunye netyuwa, zivumelekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kwimilinganiselo ephakathi kunye nephakathi. Kuhle ukuphepha ukusebenzisa kakhulu iziqholo netyuwa ekutyeni komntwana ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuba inkqubo yokwetyisa ihleli isempilweni yaye iityuwa ezigqithisileyo azifaki emzimbeni womntwana.

Ndiziphekela njani iintsana irayisi yaseYiputa?

amalungu:

• umthamo wamanzi
• Ikomityi yerayisi
• Ii-apula (zihlutshiwe kwaye zinqunyulwe zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci)
• Itisipuni yesinamoni

Indlela:

1. Fudumeza amanzi ngobushushu obuphakathi de abile.
2. Yongeza irayisi emanzini kwaye uvumele ukupheka emlilweni omncinci imizuzu eyi-15.
3. Yongeza ii-apula kumxube kwaye udibanise imizuzu emi-5.
4. Dlulisa umxube kwiprosesa yokutya kunye ne-puree kude kube lula.
5. Yongeza i-sinamoni, udibanise kakuhle, emva koko unike isitya kumntwana wakho.

Kubalulekile ukunyamekela izithako kunye nokupheka ukufezekisa iziphumo eziyanelisayo ekugqibeleni. Kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uhlamba irayisi kakuhle ngamanzi abandayo emva kokuyicoca.

Xa kusaziswa irayisi yaseYiputa kwiintsana, irayisi yaseYiputa ithathwa njengokutya okutyebileyo kwizondlo eziluncedo ekukhuleni kwabo okunempilo kunye nokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, ukunika iintsana kufuneka kulinganiswe kwaye kuquke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezipheleleyo zesondlo.

Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokupheka irayisi kubantwana, kungcono ukudibana nogqirha okanye isondlo somntwana ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihambelana neemfuno ezithile zomntwana wakho.

Umntwana utya nini ama-apile abilisiweyo?

Umcebisi wabantwana uthe oomama banokuvumela abantwana babo ukuba batye ama-apile abilisiweyo xa beneenyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuxobula isiqhamo kwaye ubiliswe kakuhle ukuze umntwana angabi nangxaki yokusiginya.

Ii-apula zinokuziswa kumntwana xa ziqala ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo, okunokuthi kube malunga neenyanga ezi-4-6 ubudala, nje ukuba ii-apula zingenayo imbewu kwaye zihlanjululwe okanye zinqunyulwe. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umntwana ukulungele ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo kwaye isisu siyakwazi ukukwetyisa ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Ukulungiselela ii-apula ezibilisiwe kwintsana, kufuneka uhlambe i-apula kakuhle emanzini acocekileyo. Emva koko zixobule uze uzibilise ukuqinisekisa ukuba zityiwa lula kwaye umntwana ukhuselekile ekuminxekeni. Kungcono ukunika abantwana ama-apile abilisiwe ukuze oomama bakwazi ukuwaphakela ngokukhuselekileyo.

Oogqirha bancomela ukunika iintsana ii-apile eziphekiweyo ukuze ziphephe ukukrwitshwa, kodwa zinokunikelwa ekrwada emva kokuba zicudiwe kakuhle ukuba zilungiswe kakuhle. Oomama kufuneka badibane noogqirha babantwana phambi kokuba banike abantwana abangaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ii-apile.

Iziqhamo zeapile zizityebi kwisondlo kwaye zinceda ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, zizenza ezongezo ezigqwesileyo ekutyeni kweentsana. Phezu kwako nje oku, oomama bafanele banikele ingqalelo kuzo naziphi na izenzo eziphosakeleyo ezinokuvela xa benika abantwana babo ii-apile baze badibane nogqirha wabo wabantwana ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki.