Uphononongo lokwenzeka kweprojekthi yonikezelo, kwaye kuza ntoni emva kophononongo lokwenzeka?

Uphononongo olunokwenzeka lweprojekthi yokuhambisa

Uphononongo lokweNzeka kweProjekthi yoSabelo lunika ithuba elibonakalayo koosomashishini abanqwenela ukuqala iiprojekthi zabo kwicandelo lemibhiyozo nemisitho. Le projekthi ijolise ekuboneleleni ngezinto ezintsha nezinomtsalane zokusasazwa kokuzalwa nemitshato.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, abo banqwenela ukuqala ishishini lokusasaza banokufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nendlela yokuthenga izinto zakudala kunye nokuhanjiswa kubathengisi abathembekileyo. Ukongeza, banokuthenga iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokubonisa ezi zisasazo ngendlela enomtsalane nentle.

Uphononongo olunokwenzeka lweprojekthi yoSasazo luphawulwa ngokuba luluvo olulula ukulusebenzisa nokusebenza, kwaye luvumela abantu abakhetha ukusebenzela ekhaya ukuba benze ingeniso ngokuthengisa iimveliso zabo kwi-Intanethi. Ngombulelo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunye neesayithi ze-e-commerce, ishishini linokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwabathengi abanokubakho.

Ukongezelela, iingxelo ezininzi esele zenziwe kunye nezifundo zikhoyo ezinceda oosomashishini bahlalutye ukuba nokwenzeka kweprojekthi kwaye baqikelele utyalo-mali olufunekayo kunye neenzuzo ezilindelekileyo kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Ezi ngxelo ziquka ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye neetemplates esele zenziwe zilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeprojekthi.

Zeziphi iintlobo zophononongo olunokwenzeka?

1. Uphononongo lokwenzeka kokusingqongileyo:
   Olu phononongo lunento yokwenza nokuvavanya iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezinokubakho kwiprojekthi ecetywayo. Iimpembelelo kumhlaba, ubutyebi bamanzi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendalo ziyahlalutywa, ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi iphunyezwa ngendlela ezinzileyo nangokuthobela imithetho yokusingqongileyo.
2. Izifundo ezinokwenzeka ngokwasemthethweni:
   Olu phononongo lujolise ekuvavanyeni imiba yomthetho kunye nomthetho onxulumene neprojekthi. Kubandakanya uhlalutyo lweemvume ezifunekayo, iilayisensi, kunye nemithetho yesizwe neyengingqi enxulumene neprojekthi. Olu hlalutyo lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokuphepha iingxaki zomthetho ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo.
3. Izifundo ezinokwenzeka zentengiso:
   Olu phononongo lujongene nokuhlalutya imarike, iimfuno zabathengi, kunye nokhuphiswano olunokwenzeka. Olu hlalutyo lujolise ekuqinisekiseni amathuba okuphumelela kweprojekthi kunye nokumisela isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sokuthengisa ukutsala abathengi.
4. Izifundo ezinokwenzeka:
   Olu phononongo lubandakanya ukuvavanya ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi ngokwembono yobugcisa. Izixhobo ezifunekayo, abasebenzi kunye namava afunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe ngempumelelo iprojekthi zihlalutywa. Olu hlalutyo lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba nokwenzeka kobugcisa bokuphumeza iprojekthi.
5. Uphononongo lokuba nokwenzeka kwezemali:
   Olu phononongo lujongene nohlalutyo lwemali yeprojekthi ecetywayo. Oku kuquka ukuqikelela iindleko, ingeniso elindelekileyo, kunye neengeniso ezinokubakho zeprojekthi kwixesha elifutshane nangexesha elide. Olu hlalutyo lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba nokwenzeka kwemali kweprojekthi kunye nokuvavanya utyalo-mali lwayo.
6. Izifundo ezinokwenzeka ekuhlaleni:
   Olu phononongo lujolise ekuhlalutyeni iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho ekuhlaleni zeprojekthi. Iimpembelelo kuluntu lwengingqi, inkcubeko, ingqesho kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho ziyahlolwa, ngenjongo yokumisela uzinzo lweprojekthi kunye nefuthe elihle kwezentlalo.

Zeziphi iimpawu zophononongo olunokwenzeka?

I-1- Inkxalabo malunga nekamva: Uphononongo lokuba nokwenzeka lujonge ukuvavanya izimvo zotyalo-mali ezinokuhlala ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, ukubaluleka kophononongo lokwenzeka kwezinto kulele ekuphumezeni eyona nzuzo iphezulu kwiprojekthi.

I-2- Uncedo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo: Uphononongo olunokwenzeka lunceda ekuhlalutyeni zonke izinto ezinxulumene neprojekthi, ezifana nezoqoqosho, ubugcisa, umthetho, kunye nezinto zokucwangcisa. Ngaloo ndlela, inceda ekukhetheni amathuba akhoyo otyalo-mali ngendlela echanekileyo necacileyo.

I-3- Ukumisela ukunyaniseka kwengcamango yotyalo-mali: Uphononongo lokuba nokwenzeka lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukunyaniseka kwengcamango yotyalo-mali yeprojekthi. Ngaloo ndlela, isigqibo sinokwenziwa ukuqala iprojekthi okanye ukuyiphepha ukuba ingcamango yotyalo-mali ibonakala ingaphumeleli.

I-4- Ukubonelela ngolwazi lobugcisa kunye noqoqosho: Uphononongo lokwenzekayo lukwabonelela ngolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, lwezoqoqosho, olusebenzayo, olusemthethweni, lwexeshana kunye nobuchwepheshe beprojekthi. Oku kubonelela umtyali-mali ngoqikelelo olurhabaxa lwexesha eliza kulithatha ukuphumeza iprojekthi kunye nokuba ingaba iprojekthi iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemthethweni nezenyani zemarike ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ngubani oqhuba uphononongo lokwenyani?

Uphononongo lokwenzeka kwezinto linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa iiprojekthi kunye notyalo-mali. Ngolu phononongo, iprojekthi ihlalutywa kwiinkalo ezininzi kwaye ukuba nokwenzeka kwayo kwezemali noqoqosho kuyavavanywa ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukuphunyezwa kwayo.

Enyanisweni, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulungiselela uphononongo olunokwenzeka. Umnini weprojekthi unokulungiselela ingcamango yokuqala kwisifundo ngokusekelwe kumava akhe kunye nolwazi lweprojekthi kunye nemarike ekujoliswe kuyo. Usenokubonisana neengcali kunye nabacebisi ukuze afumane uncedo oluyimfuneko ekulungiseleleni isifundo.

Ngaphandle koko, izifundo ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ezinokwenzeka kwiiprojekthi ezifanayo nazo zinokusetyenziswa. Ezi zifundo zihlala zibonelelwa ngamaqumrhu akhuthaza iiprojekthi ezintsha kwaye azenze zifumaneke kubatyali-mali abanokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zifundo kufuneka zibandakanye iiprojekthi ezinikezelwe ngaphambili, ezinokuthi zibe zesiqhelo kwaye zingayilungeli kakuhle imbono yeprojekthi entsha.

Ngokubanzi, ii-ofisi zokubonisana zinokuthenjwa ukuba zilungiselele uphononongo olunokwenzeka, njengoko ezi ofisi zinamava kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo kweli candelo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa komnini weprojekthi kwiofisi yokubonisana kubangela iindleko ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela isifundo.

Ngokubanzi, uphononongo lokwenyani luthathwa njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kweprojekthi kunye nokuzuza iingeniso ezilindelekileyo. Ukuphunyezwa kwesi sifundo kuxhomekeke kumava omnini wengcamango, abacebisi abakhethekileyo, okanye izifundo zangaphambili. Ndiyabulela kuyo, yonke imiba yeprojekthi ihlalutywa, kubandakanywa ukuhlolwa kweengozi, iindleko kunye nokubuyisela okulindelekileyo, okunceda umrhwebi ukuba enze isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokutshala imali kwiprojekthi.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwesicwangciso soshishino kunye nophononongo lokwenyani?

Uphononongo lokwenzeka kweprojekthi linyathelo lokuqala ekusekweni kweprojekthi entsha, njengoko igxile ekuhlalutyeni imiba emininzi yeprojekthi ukumisela ukuba nokwenzeka kwayo nokuba nokwenzeka kwempumelelo. Oku kuquka imiba yezoqoqosho, yezemali, yokuthengisa kunye neyobugcisa. Uphononongo olunokwenzeka luxhomekeke kuphando olucokisekileyo kunye nolwazi oluchanekileyo ukuqikelela iindleko kunye neengeniso, kunye nokulindela kwiprojekthi ezayo.

Kwelinye icala, isicwangciso soshishino siza emva kokuba uphononongo lokwenyani lugqityiwe kwaye nokuba nokwenzeka kweprojekthi kumiselwe. Emva kokuba izinto zicacile kwaye umbono ocacileyo weprojekthi ubonakaliswe ngekristali, isicwangciso sesenzo esicacileyo sinokulungiswa ukufezekisa iinjongo zeprojekthi. Isicwangciso sokusebenza sijolise ekusekeni izicwangciso ezicacileyo, ezithe ngqo zentshukumo kunye nokulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwexesha elizayo. Ezi zicwangciso zibandakanya iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe ngempumelelo iprojekthi, kubandakanywa imisebenzi, izibonelelo, amaxesha amisiweyo, iindleko, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho.

Ngenkxaso yoMzekelo woShishino, umbono omfutshane weprojekthi unokuphuhliswa kwaye ubhalwe kwiphepha elinye. "I-Business Model Canvas" isetyenziselwa ukuchaza izinto eziphambili zeprojekthi. Imodeli yoshishino sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokuqonda ixabiso elongezelelweyo leprojekthi kunye nokuchaza iindlela zokuphunyezwa kwayo.

Zeziphi izalathi ezihlanu zophononongo oluyimpumelelo lokwenzeka kwezinto?

1. I-Net Present Value (NPV): I-NPV yenye yezona zalathisi ezibonakalayo neziqhelekileyo kuphononongo lokwenzeka kweprojekthi. Ibalwa ngokuthabatha ixabiso elipheleleyo leendleko zexesha elizayo kwixabiso lilonke langoku leendleko. Ukuba ixabiso le-NPV lilungile, oku kubonisa ukuba iprojekthi inokwenzeka kwaye ilufanele utyalo-mali.
2. Ixesha lembuyekezo eyinkunzi: Ixesha lokubuyisela imali eyinkunzi libhekiselele ekubeni iprojekthi ithatha ixesha elingakanani ukubuyisela utyalo-mali lokuqala oluchithwe kuyo. Ukuba i-capital payback period ifutshane, oku kubonisa ukuba iprojekthi iyakwazi ukufumana imbuyekezo yemali ngokukhawuleza.
3. Uhlalutyo Lwemali Inzuzo Elindelekileyo Nelahleko: Uhlalutyo lwemali lubandakanya ukuqikelela imali ekulindeleke ukuba ithathwe kwiprojekthi kunye noqikelelo lweendleko ezilindelekileyo zokusebenza kweprojekthi. Olu hlalutyo lunceda ukuvavanya inzuzo yeprojekthi kunye nokufezekisa imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho.
4. Uqukuqelo lwemali elindelekileyo: Ucazululo lokuhamba kwemali olulindelekileyo lujolise ekuqikeleleni iimali eziya kuqukuqela kwiprojekthi neziya kuphuma kuyo ngexesha elithile, ukuze kuvavanywe ukuhambelana kwenkxaso-mali nokuzuza ulungelelwaniso lwemali.
5. Ubume beSebe kunye nobukhulu bomsebenzi ofunekayo: Ingxelo yophononongo lokwenzekayo kufuneka iqulathe uhlalutyo oluhlanganisiweyo lwesakhiwo sombutho esifunekayo ekusebenzeni iprojekthi, ukongeza kuqikelelo lobungakanani bomsebenzi oyimfuneko. Oku kunceda ekuqikeleleni iindleko ezinxulumene nolawulo kunye nokufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi komgangatho kunye neendleko.

Yintoni eza emva kophononongo lokwenyani?

1. Ukulungiswa kwengxelo:
   Kweli nyathelo, iziphumo zophononongo olunokwenzeka ziyajongwa kwaye zibhalwe. Ugxininiso lusekuhlalutyweni kwedatha kunye nezigqibo ezifikelelwe luphando ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphumelela okanye ukungaphumeleli kweprojekthi. Le ngxelo ikwabandakanya imiba yezemali neyoqoqosho yeprojekthi.
2. Qinisekisa ubungakanani beprojekthi:
   Kule nyathelo, umthamo wemveliso, umthamo oqhelekileyo wemveliso, umthamo omkhulu, kunye nokwandiswa okulindelekileyo emva kokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi kunqunywe. Oku kujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukubanako kweprojekthi ukukhuphisana kwimarike kunye nokuhlangabezana nemfuno enokubakho.
3. Umba wentengiso:
   Eli nyathelo libandakanya zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokuthengisa iprojekthi. Uphawu luhlalutywa, uphawu olufanelekileyo lukhethwa, inkonzo yabathengi kunye neentengiso ziyenziwa. Uphononongo lokwenzeka kwentengiso lelinye lamanyathelo aphambili okufumana impumelelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kweprojekthi.
4. Umba wobugcisa:
   Kule nyathelo, kugxininiswe kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa beprojekthi. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya iteknoloji kunye neemfuno zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukuphumeza ngempumelelo iprojekthi.
5. isicwangciso somsebenzi:
   Emva kophononongo olunokwenzeka, isicwangciso soshishino esineenkcukacha zeprojekthi siyalungiswa. Iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nezicwangciso zichazwe kwaye izenzo eziyimfuneko zokuzifeza kwixesha elithile zimisiwe. Ukuqulunqa isicwangciso soshishino yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi iya kuphunyezwa ngempumelelo ngokweshedyuli emiselweyo.

Ngaba kukho unxulumano phakathi kofundo olunokwenzeka, ulawulo kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi?

Uphando oluninzi kunye neengcali zibonisa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kophononongo lokwenyani, ulawulo kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi. Uphononongo lokwenyani sesinye sezixhobo ezinceda ekwenzeni izigqibo zolawulo ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo malunga neprojekthi yotyalo-mali.

Xa nabani na esenza uphononongo lokwenzeka kweprojekthi yakhe, kufuneka athathele ingqalelo imiba emininzi yolawulo neyombutho. Oku kufuna ukuhlalutya imeko yolawulo lwenkampani, kuphuhliswe ubume bombutho obusebenzayo nofanelekileyo, kunye nokumisela iimfuno zemali kunye nezabasebenzi.

Ngaphezu koko, uphononongo lokunokwenzeka lunceda ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso solawulo esiluqilima sokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kweprojekthi. Ukuhlalutya uphononongo lokwenzeka kwemarike, ukhuphiswano, kunye namava eenkampani ezifanayo kunika iprojekthi ithuba elikhulu lokuphumelela.

Ngokubhekiselele kuzinzo, uphononongo lokwenyani lunika ithuba lokuchonga izicwangciso zokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kweprojekthi. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlalutya imeko yendalo, ezomthetho, kunye nezoqoqosho ezinokuchaphazela iprojekthi, kunye nokucacisa iimfuno zexesha elizayo zeprojekthi.

Ngokuthembela kufundo olunokwenzeka, abo banoxanduva lweprojekthi banakho ukwenza izigqibo zolawulo olucwangcisiweyo ezifikelela kwimpumelelo yeprojekthi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukubonelela ngezimali eziyimfuneko, ukuphuhlisa amaqhinga okuthengisa nokwazisa, kunye nokwakha ubume bolawulo olulungileyo.