Xa uThixo wabeka indalo phantsi kwethu, ingqondo yakhe wayibeka ebantwini ukuze iyisebenzise ngendlela eya kuba yingenelo kuye ngaphandle kokuyingcolisa okanye ukuyonakalisa ngendlela engenakuqondwa, yaye ke ukuyigcina yayiluxanduva lomntu wonke. amagxa, kwaye kweli nqaku siyaphonononga Iingcebiso zokugcina okusingqongileyoUkungenelela kwabantu ngokungakhathali kuye kwandise ukuqhawuka kolawulo olulawulayo, kwaye bekufuneka ungenelelo olwakhayo ukubuyisela ulungelelwaniso kwindawo yalo yendalo.
Iingcebiso zokugcina okusingqongileyo
Umba wolondolozo lwendalo esingqongileyo awupheleliselwanga kumaziko oluntu nakumaziko ophando lwenzululwazi kuphela, kunoko, uchaphazela abantu abanethuba lokuhlalisana nokusingqongileyo kwaye banxibelelane nayo, nokuba kubi okanye kukuhle.Akukho mathandabuzo okuba kukho iingcebiso emazilandelwe ukugcina okusingqongileyo, kuquka:
- Ukuqinisa ulwazi nokwandisa ulwazi malunga nokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwendalo kunye nexabiso lemithombo yendalo, kwaye loo nkqubo ifuna ukubuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili ukusuka ebantwaneni kude kube sekuvuthweni.
- Ukulungelelaniswa kokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bamanzi, ukunciphisa ukubaleka kwamanzi emvula kumphezulu kunye namanzi amdaka.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto ezityiwayo kunye nokurisayikilishwa kwemathiriyeli Siyakuqaphela oku kumazwe asempuma, ngakumbi i-China, apho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma nokuphinda kusetyenziswe yona.
- Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngendlela eyiyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukwanda kwezifo nokwasulelwa zizifo.Akulunganga ukuyibeka phambi kwendlu okanye kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke.Endaweni yokugqwetha imbonakalo yendalo nempahla, oku ku isizathu sokusasazeka kwezinambuzane ezijikelezayo kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo.
- Ukutshintsha izichumisi zeekhemikhali kunye nezichumisi zezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokusabalalisa inkcubeko yokusebenzisa i-wastebasket endaweni yokulahla inkunkuma ezitratweni nakwiindawo ezihlala kuzo.
- Ukubeka imithetho ethintela abo bazilinga ekwaphuleni ucwangco loluntu, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza komthetho.
- Ukusasaza inkcubeko yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kunye nokulinywa kwezityalo kunye neentyantyambo ezinika imo engqongileyo umoya.
- Sebenzela ukuqinisa indima yamaziko emfundo, kuquka izikolo neeyunivesithi, ngokuquka ukulondoloza okusingqongileyo njengomxholo wemfundo ojoliswe kuwo nobethelelwa ezintliziyweni zabafundi.
- Ukubonelela amajelo eendaba ngezakhono ezifanelekileyo zokwazisa abemi, ngokunikezela ngeenkqubo zokwazisa nokuqaqambisa indlela yokusetyenziswa ngokutsha nokulahla inkunkuma.
- Eyona ndima inkulu nebalulekileyo ilele kumagunya olawulo kunye namaziko karhulumente ekubekeni imithetho engqongqo, inkqubo yokubeka iliso nolawulo olululo lwezizathu zongcoliseko.
Ithini ingcamango yokusingqongileyo?
- Ngokolwimi, imo engqongileyo ichaza ikhaya kunye nemeko, kwaye ibandakanya iindidi ezininzi zazo, indawo yasendle, yendalo, okanye eluhlaza, okanye imeko yezentlalo, yoluntu neyezopolitiko, eliqela lezinto ezibalulekileyo, iikhemikhali kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. zijikeleze izinto eziphilayo kwaye zichaphazela ubukho okanye ubomi bazo.
- Indalo esingqongileyo yimdibaniso yezinto ezisingqongileyo nezichaphazela ubukho bezinto eziphilayo, kwaye ibandakanya amanzi, umoya, umhlaba, izimbiwa, imozulu, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ngokwazo.
- Liqela leenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo omnye komnye ukuya kwinqanaba lobunzima obuchaphazela, ukuchaphazeleka kunye nokumisela ukusinda kwethu kweli hlabathi, kwaye sijongana nalo ngamaxesha athile.
- Sinokuthi imo engqongileyo yiyo yonke into ekhoyo engqonge umntu, nokuba zizidalwa eziphilayo okanye ezingaphiliyo, kwaye umntu uyachatshazelwa yiyo kwaye ayichaphazele kakubi okanye ngokulungileyo.Nakuphi na ukungenelela okungafanelekanga komntu kuchaphazela kakubi indalo, kwaye oku kubonakala ngeendlela yokungcoliseka kwendalo, nokuba ngumoya, amanzi okanye ungcoliseko lomhlaba, ingxolo, ukusasazeka kwemitha okanye ungcoliseko lokukhanya.
- Olunye uphononongo lube nesiphumo senkcazelo ebanzi yale ngqikelelo.Imekobume yinzululwazi ebanzi ephathelene nokufunda unxulumano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ngokwazo, naphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nezinto eziphilayo nezinto eziphilayo ezingaphiliyo ezizingqongileyo nezichaphazela ubukho bazo nokusasazwa kwazo.
- Le nzululwazi inxulumene nezinye iinzululwazi ezininzi, ezifana nenzululwazi yomhlaba, ikhemistri, i-meteorology, umhlaba, i-physics, i-biology kunye nejografi.
Inkcazo yendawo enempilo
Ngokukhanya kophando kunye nezifundo ezithatha okusingqongileyo njengentsimi, kuye kwavela ezinye iingqiqo ezigxininisa impilo kunye nozinzo lwemo engqongileyo ebusweni bokuphazamiseka koluntu ngobundlobongela kunye nemithombo yayo kunye nokunciphisa izibonelelo zayo ukuze kuphunyezwe inzuzo kunye nokuxhatshazwa. izilangazelelo zobuqu, kwaye phakathi kwezi ngqikelelo (indawo esempilweni)
- Imekobume esempilweni yingcinga ebonakalisa unxulumano phakathi kokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yomntu, nto leyo ethetha zonke izinto zokusingqongileyo, nokuba zezendalo okanye zasekwa, ezichaphazela impilo yabantu ngokuzenzekelayo.Licandelo lempilo yoluntu.
- Kubizwa ngokuba yimpilo yoluntu yokusingqongileyo okanye uthintelo lokusingqongileyo, ngamanyathelo alandelwayo ukulawula iimeko zokusingqongileyo ukusuka kungcoliseko ukuze zihambelane nobomi babantu kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo, ukuze kuthintelwe ukungalingani kokusingqongileyo.
- Indawo esempilweni ifunda zonke izinto zomzimba, iikhemikhali kunye nebhayoloji ngaphandle komzimba womntu, ukongeza kuzo zonke izinto ezichaphazela izenzo kunye nokuziphatha komntu, kwaye ijolise ekuvavanyeni nasekulawuleni ezi meko zokusingqongileyo ezinokuchaphazela impilo yabantu.
- Kukho izinto ezininzi zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela impilo yezinto eziphilayo, ezifana neekhemikhali, izinto zendalo kunye nezomzimba, kwaye ziyimbangela yokusasazeka kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezifo ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo, njengama-parasites, ibhaktheriya, i-fungi, iintsholongwane kunye nezinambuzane.
- UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uchaza impilo yendalo esingqongileyo njengezo zinto zinxulumene nempilo yabantu okanye ukugula okumiselwa yimiba yokusingqongileyo.
Iindidi zokusingqongileyo zongcoliseko
Olunye uphononongo lohlule ungcoliseko lube ziindidi, kwaye oku kumiselwa ngokohlobo lwento.Ungcoliseko lunokuvela emoyeni, emhlabeni okanye emanzini, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo sivavanya kula manqaku alandelayo iintlobo zongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo olusekwe kudidi lwento:
ukumoshwa komoya
- Ungcoliseko lomoya ngowona mba ubalulekileyo kunye nomba esizama ukuziqhelanisa nawo kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko yako.Olu ngcoliseko lubangelwa kukuxutywa kwezinto kunye neepesenti eziphezulu zokukwazi ukufunxa kokusingqongileyo.Phakathi kwezi gesi zonakalise okusingqongileyo kukho ikharbon monokside. , sulfur dioxide, initrogen oxides, iozone kunye nelothe.
- Olu ngcoliseko lukwabangelwa ziintlekele zendalo ezifana nemililo yehlathi kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, kunye nemisebenzi yabantu efana nomsi wefektri kunye nemibhobho yemoto.
Ungcoliseko lwamanzi
- Kukufika kwezinye izinto eziyingozi kwimizila yamanzi, ezitshintsha iimpawu zazo zendalo, kwaye ukusuka apha kunzima ukusebenzisa amanzi ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye amazwe ahlala ebhenela ekuvavanyeni izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nemijukujelwa ye-ballistic enzulwini yolwandle, etyumza. intlungu yezinto eziphilayo, kwaye ilahlekelwa yindalo yamanzi Iimpawu zayo.
- Imizekelo yezinto ezingcolisa amanzi zizinto ezisasazwa ngemitha, inkunkuma ephilayo, imichiza eyityhefu, kunye neoyile.
Ungcoliseko lwengxolo
- Olu ngcoliseko lumelwe kwingxolo kunye nesandi esigqithisileyo, esichaphazela kakubi ingqondo yomntu, impilo kunye nomgangatho wokusingqongileyo.Olu ngcoliseko lunxulunyaniswa nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye neendlela zale mihla zothutho ezifana neenqwelomoya, oololiwe kunye nemisebenzi yokwakha.
- Ubukhulu besandi okanye ingxolo bulinganiswa ngeedecibels.
Ungcoliseko lomhlaba
- Umhlaba ungcolisekile ngenxa yokuxutywa kwawo nemichiza eyingozi, yaye oku kungcoliseka kusenokuba kuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, njengemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, iinkqubo zale mihla zokulima, ukuvuza kweoli emhlabeni xa ikhutshwa, nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma emhlabeni.
Ungcoliseko lobushushu
- Olu hlobo longcoliseko lubhekiselele kutshintsho kubushushu bemithombo yamanzi ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu kunye nomsebenzi owenzayo, umzekelo, xa abantu besebenzisa amanzi ukupholisa kwizikhululo zamandla.
ungcoliseko lokukhanya
- Kukungakhululeki kokukhanya okungaqhelekanga okanye okwenziweyo ebusuku kunye nefuthe lako kwi-ikhosistim, izilwanyana, izityalo, umngundo kunye nempilo yabantu.
Ungcoliseko lwemitha
- Oku kugxininiswa kukuvuza kwezixhobo zokusasazeka ngemitha emanzini, emoyeni nasemhlabeni.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ungcoliseko lwe-radioactive lolona hlobo luyingozi lokungcoliseka kwendalo ngenxa yobunzima bokubona, ukujoja okanye ukukuva.
Ngaba okusingqongileyo kuye kwangcoliswa?
Akukho ziphumo ngaphandle kwezizathu ezibambekayo ezibonisa ubungakanani bomonakalo esinokuwuvuna ngenxa yezenzo nezenzo ebesikhe sazenza ngaphambili.Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo aluzange luvele ndawo okanye lwenzeke ngequbuliso kwaye asizange sibe nesandla ekungeneni. Endaweni yoko, lo mba uye ucace ngokubhekisele kwizenzo zomntu neendlela zokuziphatha eziphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwemekobume, kwaye zaphulukana nobuchule bokufunxa izinto eziyityhefu neziyingozi.
Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lunezizathu esizichazayo kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
- Ukutshiswa kwangaphakathi kwamafutha efosili kunye neenkuni zokufudumeza, ukupheka kunye nokukhanyisa ekhaya.
- Iindlela zothutho nezonxibelelwano ezingcolisa umoya, ngoko ke umbhobho uyaphuma kuzo.
- Ukutshisa inkunkuma kunye neentsalela zezolimo kunye nezoshishino, njengoko le mililo inokuqhubeka ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo kunye namandla ayo okufunxa.
- Iintlekele zendalo ezifana neentaba-mlilo kunye neenyikima, njengoko uthuthu oluninzi lunokubhabha emoyeni.
- Imizi-mveliso ilahla inkunkuma emanzini.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane emhlabeni.
- Ukutyekela kwizinto kunye nezichumisi zekhemikhali zokwandisa imveliso.
- Ukuvuza kwe-oyile emhlabeni xa ithuthwa kwaye ilayishwa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.
- Isandi soomatshini nezixhobo kwimizi-mveliso, ingxolo yezothutho, nemisebenzi yokwakha.
- Izibane ezinamandla kunye neziphazamisayo ezitratweni zichaphazela kakubi ingqondo yomntu kunye nempilo.
Iqela leengozi zokusabela kweekhemikhali kokusingqongileyo
Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kuchaphazela okusingqongileyo ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye sichaza oku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ungcoliseko lomoya olubangelwa xa kutshiswa amafutha efosili ngamalahle, aqokelela umsi ochaphazela kakubi okusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu.
- Ungcoliseko lwamanzi, oluthi luchaphazele izityalo zezolimo, izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, nabantu xa besela naxa behlamba.
- Ukuchaphazeleka kwemichiza kubangela ukunqongophala kwezityalo, ukonakala, nokusasazeka kwezifo nobhubhani.
- Ukwenziwa kwezibulali zinambuzane, nto leyo engunobangela omkhulu wokuwohloka komhlaba nokuwenza ungafaneleki ukulinywa.
- Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali ezibanga umhlaza ekutyeni esikutyayo.
Iingcamango zokulondoloza okusingqongileyo
Eminye imibono eyakhayo inokugxininiswa ukugcina okusingqongileyo, kuquka:
- Ukugxininisa kwindima yamaziko ophando lwenzululwazi ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo kwiingxaki zokusingqongileyo.
- Ibalaselisa indima yamajelo eendaba ekwaziseni abantu ngengozi yokubangela nawuphi na umonakalo onokubangela ukuba imekobume iphulukane nolungelelwano lwendalo.
- Ukuvolontiya ekusasazeni ulwazi lokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhankanya iingozi zayo.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibangela ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
- Kuphephe ukutyiswa kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthotyweni komhlaba kunye nokunyuka komphunga.
- Kuphephe ukothula izinto eziyingozi kwimisele yasekhaya.
Ezona zimvo zibalaseleyo zokugcina indalo esingqongileyo
- Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweemoto ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezidla amandla amancinci.
- Ukubeka iliso kubalimi ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshisa kunye nokususa iintsalela zezityalo.
- Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nenkunkuma enobungozi.
- Sebenza kuhlaziyo, njengoko inkunkuma isebenza njengenye indlela kwizinto ezinqabileyo ezinje ngepetroleum, igesi yendalo, amalahle kunye ne-organic ore.
- Yeka ukugawula imithi, njengoko iyona kuphela indawo ephilileyo yokuphuma kwabantu kunye nendalo, ukwenzela ukuhlawulela imithi egawulweyo okanye etshiswe ngenxa yeentlekele zendalo kunye nezinto ezinobuthi.
- Ukulungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali, kwaye endaweni yazo izichumisi eziphilayo.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezothutho kunye nokukhutshwa okubangelwayo okungaxutywanga yindalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuhamba kunye neebhayisikili.
- Ukutshintsha amandla elanga kunye nombane ezimotweni endaweni yokusebenzisa amafutha efosili.
- Amafutha efosili anokutshintshwa ngeminye imithombo yamandla efana namandla omoya, amandla e-geothermal, amandla amaza, kunye namandla elanga.
Imithetho yolondolozo lwendalo esingqongileyo
Kukho imithetho emininzi ejongene nokugcina okusingqongileyo kungenelelo olukhulu lwabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwemithombo ekhoyo, kuquka:
Umthetho wokusingqongileyo wamazwe ngamazwe
- Lo mthetho ujolise ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokubhekiselele kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo yendalo.
- Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo, eziluluhlu lwezivumelwano kunye nezivumelwano ezivunywe ngamazwe kwaye zinika imithetho jikelele yokujongana nokusingqongileyo.
- Izigqibo ezikhutshwe luluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, nokuba yimibutho karhulumente echaphazelekayo ngesigqibo okanye imibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente.
Umthetho wokuSingqongileyo wasePalestina
- IGunya lasePalestina lithatha ukhuseleko lwemekobume njengelungelo lomntu, kwaye ke ngoko likhuphe imithetho emininzi egxininisa ukulondolozwa nokukhuselwa kwendalo, oku kugxininiswe kwiNqaku lama-33, iGatya le-15, kunye noMthetho onguNombolo 7 ka-1999.
Ukubaluleka kokulondoloza okusingqongileyo
Ukubaluleka kokugcina okusingqongileyo kubonakala kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
- Ukuphila kwindawo esempilweni, ecocekileyo efikelela olona lonwabo lukhulu ebantwini nakuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
- Ukulondoloza ulungelelwaniso lwendalo nomhlaba, njengoko imithi igcina imekobume ngokufunxa ikharbon diokside, nto leyo eyandisa ubushushu bokufudumala komhlaba, nesetyenziswa zizityalo kwinkqubo yephotosynthesis.
- Ekukhuseleni i-ecosystem, ukukhuselwa kwiinguqu ezichaphazela kakubi ibhalansi yayo, njengoko kukho iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezinokuthi ziveze ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuba zitshabalale.
- Ukugcina impilo yabantu kungcoliseko oluchaphazela umgangatho wokutya.
- Ukugcina iyantlukwano yebhayoloji yezinto eziphilayo ezisisizathu sokugcina umjikelo wobomi be-ikhosistim.
- Amahlathi ayimithombo ekrwada kwiimfuno ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwabantu.
- Ukugcina imozulu kulo naluphi na utshintsho olunokuthi lwenzeke.
Amabinzana malunga nokugcina okusingqongileyo
Kufuneka silondoloze indawo esihlala kuyo, kwaye siyikhusele kwizinto ezingcolisayo.
Imekobume imele ilondolozwe, yaye imithi yamahlathi ayifanele igawulwe, njengoko icoca umoya we<em>carbon dioxide.
I-insecticide akufanele isetyenziswe ngenxa yokuba yonakalisa indawo engqongileyo, ngaphandle kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ngokwe-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo.
Kufuneka sisasaze ulwazi ngempilo phakathi kwabantu, kwaye silumkise abantwana bethu ngokugcina indalo esingqongileyo, njengoko lo ingumsebenzi wokuthand' izwe.
Ungcoliseko luyingozi kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, kwaye onke amazwe ehlabathi kufuneka ahlangane ukuze alwe nalo.
Lonke uluntu kufuneka luxhomekeke omnye komnye ukuze kukhuselwe okusingqongileyo kungcoliseko, nokuze kufumaneke izisombululo ezifanelekileyo.
