Ubisi olutsha lwabantwana emva konyaka omnye
Iintsana zingaluthatha ubisi olutsha lwenkomo njengenye indlela yobisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo.
Olu bisi olutyebileyo lubhekwa njengesityebi ngamafutha anceda ekuphuhliseni okunempilo kwengqondo yomntwana, ngakumbi kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi bomntwana.
I-30 milliliters yobisi olupheleleyo inokunikwa kanye ngosuku kumntwana emva kokufikelela kwiinyanga ezili-11 ubudala.
Nangona kunjalo, akuvumelekanga ukunika ubisi lwenkomo kwiintsana ngaphambi kokuba zifike kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, ekubeni ubisi lwenkomo luneprotheni umzimba womntwana ongenako ukusetyisa kakuhle.
Ngoko ke, abantwana abangaphezulu konyaka omnye bangaqalisa ukusela ubisi lwenkomo, kodwa oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngobisi olupheleleyo endaweni yobisi olunamafutha aphantsi.
Oogqirha batusa ukwazisa ubisi ngokuthe ngcembe kumntwana, ngokutshintsha iibhotile zobisi kunye neekomityi ezincinci ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwii-3 iikomityi ngosuku, ezilingana ne-480 ukuya kwi-720 milliliters yobisi.
Ukongezelela, ubisi olunikwa abantwana emva kweminyaka yobudala kufuneka lube lunamafutha apheleleyo, njengoko luqulethe iprotheni kunye ne-calcium efunekayo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni.
Umntwana angalusela nini ubisi olutsha?
Abazali kufuneka bahlehlise ukunika umntwana ubisi oluqhelekileyo de umntwana abe nonyaka omnye ubudala.
Ngeli xesha lobomi, umzimba womntwana uyakwazi ukujongana ngokulula neeprotheni ezifumaneka kubisi lwenkomo.
Kodwa ngaphambi koko, ubisi lwenkomo alunikezelwa kubantwana.
Oogqirha bavumela abantwana abangaphezulu konyaka ubudala ukuba batye ubisi lwenkomo epheleleyo.
Kodwa bacebisa ukuba banganiki abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka ubudala naluphi na uhlobo lobisi lwenkomo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzame ukunika umntwana ubisi lwenkomo xa eneenyanga ezili-11 ubudala kunye neeveki ezimbini kuphela.
Oku kwenziwa ukuvavanya ukunyamezela komntwana kwincasa yobisi lwenkomo kunye nokumqeqeshela ukusela ubisi phambi kokuba atshintshele kubisi lwenkomo ngokupheleleyo.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo lweentsana olukhethekileyo kufuneka lunikwe abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
Oku kungenxa yokuba imizimba yabo isengakwazi ukuphatha iiproteni zobisi lwenkomo.
Kucetyiswa ukuba ulinde de umntwana agqibe unyaka wokuqala wobomi ukuze azise ubisi lwenkomo.
Ngeli xesha, izintso ziphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuphatha iiprotheni zobisi lwenkomo ngaphandle komngcipheko kwimpilo yomntwana.
Ke ngoko, umntwana wakho unokonwabela izibonelelo zobisi olutsha emva konyaka omnye ubudala.
Ngaba ubisi olutsha lulungile ebantwaneni?
Ubisi olutsha ngumthombo otyebileyo wezondlo ezininzi eziluncedo kwimpilo yabantwana.
Ubisi olutsha, nokuba lubisi lwenkomo okanye olunye uhlobo lobisi, luqulethe isixa esilungileyo seeprotheyini eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezihlunu kunye nokukhula kwamathambo.
Oogqirha babonise ukuba abantwana abasela ubisi lwenkomo banobude obuyi-0.4 cm kunoontanga babo abangaluseliyo olu hlobo lobisi.
Oku kungenxa yeeprotheyini eziphezulu ezifumaneka ebisini, eziqulethe zonke ii-amino acids ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko kumzimba ophilileyo.
Ukongeza, ubisi lunekhalsiyam elungileyo, eyiminerali ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwamathambo nokomelela kunye nempilo yamazinyo.
Kuvela ukuba ubisi olutsha lubonakala lubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno ze-calcium zabantwana.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantwana abangaphezu konyaka omnye ubudala banokuqala ukusela ubisi lwenkomo, kodwa kufuneka lube lubisi olupheleleyo kwaye lungabi namafutha aphantsi okanye i-skimmed.
Oku kungenxa yokuba amafutha ebisi adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izihlunu kunye namathambo kubantwana kule minyaka.
Kwelinye icala, kucetyiswa ukuba ungaboneleli ngobisi lwenkomo kwiintsana ezingekafiki kunyaka omnye, njengoko kukhethwa ukuba kusetyenziswe ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo lweentsana olungqamene naloo minyaka.
Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala kumahluko ekubunjweni kobisi lwenkomo kubisi lukamama, kwaye ngoko ke isenokungafaneleki njengenye indlela yokuncancisa kwiinyanga zokuqala zomntwana.
Ndimqhela njani umntwana wam ubisi olutsha?
Zininzi iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukunceda usana lwakho luqhele ukutya ubisi olutsha.
Kubalulekile ukongeza kancinci ubisi lwenkomo kubisi lwendalo okanye ubisi olungumgubo, kwibhotile enye yokutyisa okanye ikomityi yokusela elungiselelwe umntwana.
Ekuqaleni, umlinganiselo unokuba zikota ezintathu zobisi lwebele kunye nekota enye yobisi lwenkomo.
Emva koko ipesenti yobisi lwenkomo inyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, de umntwana aqhelane nencasa yayo kwaye iyathandeka kuye.
Le ndawo yokuhlala kufuneka yenziwe ngokucophelela, ithathele ingqalelo iimfuno zomntwana ze-lactose kunye neevithamini.
Ubisi lusenokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengekomityi enemibala okanye emile ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Oku kusenokunceda usana lwamkele ngakumbi ubisi.
Ungazama nokongeza ubisi kokunye ukutya ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kwinkqubo yomntwana.
Umama kufuneka akhethe indebe efanelekileyo yomntwana wakhe, njengoko kufuneka yomelele kwaye athintele ukuchitheka kobisi.
Kukwacetyiswa ukuba unike amanani amancinci obisi kumntwana, xa enqaba ukuyisela, ukwandisa ukwamkelwa kwakhe.
Umntwana uyeka nini ukusela ubisi olungumgubo?
Xa umntwana wakho enonyaka omnye ubudala, unokuyeka ukusela ubisi olungumgubo.
Isigaba sokutyisa ubisi olungumgubo siphelile, ngoko ke ukukhula kobisi kunokukunika uxolo lwengqondo lokuba usana lwakho lufumana izondlo ezifanelekileyo zokumxhasa ngeli nqanaba lisebenzayo lobuntwana.
Iintsana kufuneka ziyeke ukusela ubisi olungumgubo xa zifikelela kwiinyanga ezili-12, ngokuchasene nokuncancisa, okuziinyanga ezingama-24.
Zininzi izinto eziphembelela esi sigqibo, kubandakanywa izinto zempilo nezondlo.
Emva kweminyaka emibini, umntwana kufuneka aqhubeke nokusela ubisi okanye athembele kwiimveliso zobisi njengemithombo ye-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D.
Ukuba ukuncancisa okanye ubisi olungumgubo luyaqhubeka, zigqalwa njengekuphela komthombo wokutya komntwana kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi bakhe.
Emva koko, ukutya okuqulethe ezinye iinxalenye zesondlo ezixhasa ukukhula okunempilo kunokwaziswa.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uyaqhubeka nokusela ibhotile emva konyaka, kufuneka ubeke esweni umxholo webhotile kunye nokuthamba kolwelo ngaphakathi.
Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba unike umntwana amanzi nanini na xa efuna, kwaye ugweme ukumnika ubisi olwenziwayo kuba alukhuseli ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane enikezelwa ngobisi lwebele.
Ulusela kwiminyaka emingaphi umntwana ubisi lwenkomo?
Kubonakala kukho izikhokelo ezivela koogqirha malunga nokuba abantwana abancinci banokuqala nini ukusela ubisi lwenkomo.
Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba abantwana abangaphezulu konyaka ubudala banokuqalisa ukusela ubisi lwenkomo.
Abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala kufuneka bathathe ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi lweentsana zabo, hayi ubisi lwenkomo.
Oogqirha bacebisa oku kuba ubisi lwebele kunye nobisi olungumgubo lweentsana lubonelela ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezifunwa ngumntwana kule minyaka yobudala.
Noko ke, emva konyaka omnye, usana lunokutya ubisi lwenkomo.
Unyaka omnye ufanelekile kakhulu ukuqala ukufundisa umntwana indlela yokusela ubisi kwikomityi.
Kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ubisi lwenkomo aluqukethe izondlo kunye namavithamini afana nobisi lwebele, ngoko umntwana ufuna enye imithombo yokutya ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno zakhe zondlo.
Loluphi ubisi olungcono olupheleleyo okanye ubisi olunamafutha aphantsi kwiintsana?
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bomntwana, ubisi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisondlo kunye nokukhula okunempilo.
Kodwa, ngaba kufuneka sinike iintsana ubisi olupheleleyo okanye oluncinci? Lo ngumbuzo ojongene nabazali.
Ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, abantwana abasela ubisi olupheleleyo banokuziva behluthi.
Iwebhusayithi epapashe uphando ichaza ukuba ubisi olupheleleyo luqulethe ipesenti ephezulu yamanqatha xa kuthelekiswa nobisi oluphantsi.
Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba abantwana abasela ubisi olupheleleyo abanakufane batyebe kakhulu kunabo basela ubisi olunamafutha aphantsi.
Xa umntwana efikelela kunyaka omnye, inqanaba lokulunyulwa liqala kwaye uhlobo lobisi luguqulwa lusuke kubisi olungumgubo lweentsana lube kubisi olunamafutha apheleleyo.
Kweli nqanaba, umntwana ufuna ubisi olupheleleyo ngenxa yokuba luqulethe amandla amaninzi, i-vitamin A, kunye ne-calcium, eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni kwakhe.
Iimfuno ze-calcium zomntwana kule minyaka ziqikelelwa malunga ne-350 mg ngosuku, elilingana ne-300 ml yobisi olupheleleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha olona hlobo lufanelekileyo lobisi luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.
Kwabo baphethwe yi-cholesterol ephezulu, kufuneka basele ubisi lwe-skimmed.
Kwelinye icala, kusenokubakho abantu abasempilweni abazuzayo ngokutya ubisi olupheleleyo.
Ngaphezu koko, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwase-Australia lubonise ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kobisi olupheleleyo kunye nobisi olunamafutha aphantsi ngokwempilo yabantwana.
Abazali banokutshintsha ekusebenziseni ubisi lwe-semi-skimmed okanye ubisi lwe-skim ukuba bayathanda.
Noko ke, ubisi olufanelekileyo lufanele lunikwe umntwana ngokweemfuno zakhe zomntu ngamnye kunye nolwalathiso lukagqirha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutya okunempilo komntwana kufuneka kubandakanye iindidi zezondlo eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni okunempilo.
Yintoni engcono kubantwana, ubisi olumanzi okanye umgubo?
Ixesha lokukhula kwabantwana abasanda kuzalwa linqanaba elibalulekileyo ebomini babo, njengoko bafuna ukutya okunokulinganisela okuqulethe iiminerali kunye neevithamini eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwazo okufanelekileyo.
Phakathi kwemithombo yokutya abaxhamla kuyo ngeli xesha libuthathaka lubisi.
Ingaba ubisi olulwelo lungcono okanye ubisi olungumgubo lweentsana? Lo ngumbuzo osoloko ubuzwa koomama.
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kukho iinkalo eziliqela abazali abamele baziqwalasele ngaphambi kokuba benze isigqibo.
Kukho amaqela abantwana abafuna ngokukodwa ukusela ubisi, kubandakanywa neentsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
Kule meko, kukhethwa ukuthembela kubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo olujoliswe kubantwana, ngenxa yobukho bezondlo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezizodwa.
Kubantwana abathatha ubisi oluyimpuphu, kubalulekile ukulandela izilumkiso eziyimfuneko ukuphepha nayiphi na imiphumo emibi okanye i-allergies.
Ubisi oluyimpuphu lunokulungiswa kwiimveliso ezifana nobisi lwe-Nido, apho konke okufuneka ukwenze kukongeza iipuniponi ezi-6 zobisi olungumgubo kwi-225 ml yamanzi afudumele okanye ashushu.
Ngokubhekiselele kwizibonelelo zesondlo, ubisi olumanzi kunye nolutsha luqulethe iivithamini B5, B12, i-phosphorus kunye ne-selenium ngaphezu kobisi oluyimpuphu, olunceda ukugcina umntwana esempilweni kwaye anike izondlo azifunayo.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobisi ziyafumaneka kwimarike, kubandakanywa ubisi olululwelo lobomi obude, ubisi olutsha, kunye nobisi olujingisiweyo okanye oluswiti.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi ntlobo kunokuba nzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inzuzo yezondlo zodidi ngalunye.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezinye iingcali zezondlo zicebisa ukuba ugweme ukutya ubisi oluyimpuphu ngenxa yokulungiswa kwamashishini okuphantsi kwayo, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwezinye izondlo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ubisi olululwelo luthwala izibonelelo zesondlo ezithe chatha ebantwaneni.
Ngaba ukusela ubisi kakhulu kuyabenzakalisa abantwana?
Kwisiphakamiso esitsha sogqirha wabantwana, ulumkisa ngabantwana abasela ubisi oluninzi lwenkomo.
Kuye kwacaciswa ukuba ukungenisa ubisi olugqithisileyo akuzuzisi umzimba kwaye kulimaza impilo kunye nophuhliso lomntwana.
Siyintoni isisombululo kule meko? Ngaba olunye ubisi lunokusetyenziswa?
Ngokutsho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 kufuneka zisele ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi lweentsana olukhethekileyo, kungekhona ubisi lwenkomo.
Le ngcebiso ithi ukusebenzisa izixa ezigqithisileyo zobisi lwenkomo kunokuba yingozi empilweni.
Ubisi lunezondlo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, njengecalcium, ekhuthaza amathambo namazinyo asempilweni.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusela izixa ezikhulu zobisi kunokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zempilo.
Obunye ubungozi obunokuthi bubekho ngenxa yokutya kakhulu ubisi kukunqongophala kwe-iron.
Ukongeza kwinto yokuba isixa sentsimbi ebisini sincinci, ukusebenzisa ubisi ngobuninzi kunokuthintela umntwana ekubeni afumane isixa esaneleyo sesinyithi kwezinye iindawo zokutya.
Ngaphaya koko, nangona ubisi oluphezulu kunokucingelwa ukuba lukhusela i-osteoporosis, lunokonyusa ukuxhaphaka kwe-acne kulutsha.
Kubalulekile ukuba ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwimpilo yabantwana kwaye iingcebiso zonyango malunga nokuthatha ubisi kufuneka zilandelwe.
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imfuneko yokusebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zobisi, ezifana nobisi lwe-almond okanye irayisi, ugqirha oyingcali kufuneka adibane nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba enze isigqibo sokwenza njalo.
Usela kangaphi umntwana ubisi ngosuku?
Uninzi lweentsana ezisanda kuzalwa zidinga ukutya okusibhozo ukuya kwi-12 ngosuku.
Kufuneka kubekho ibele enye qho kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
Abantwana bakwadinga phakathi kwe-150 ukuya kuma-200 yeemililitha zobisi olungumgubo ngekhilogram yobunzima babo ngosuku.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntwana unobunzima beekhilogram ezi-3, uya kufuna malunga ne-450-600 ml yobisi kwiiyure ezingama-24.
Xa uqala ukwazisa ukutya okuqinileyo kumntwana, umthamo wobisi kufuneka uncitshiswe malunga ne-720 ml ngosuku.
Ukusela ubisi kufuneka kuncitshiswe kancinci ukuya malunga ne-500 ml xa umntwana efikelela kwiminyaka yobudala.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenzisa isixa esikhulu sobisi akuyoncedo kwimpilo nophuhliso lomntwana.
Ngoko ke, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba abantwana akufanele badlule iikomityi ezimbini okanye ezintathu zobisi ngosuku.
Ngaphezu koko, abazali bayacetyiswa ukuba balungele ukuncelisa umntwana xa kuyimfuneko, zonke iiyure ezingama-2-3, kwaye ubuncinane amaxesha angama-8 ngosuku.
Amabele kufuneka atshintshe xa uncancisa umntwana.
Imenyu ecetywayo yemihla ngemihla inokubonelelwa kwiintsana ukuya kwinyanga enye ubudala, kunye nosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lusela malunga ne-1.5 ukuya kwi-3 ounces (45-90 milliliters) yobisi rhoqo kwiiyure ezi-2-3, ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa inani ukuya kwi-3 okanye i-4 ounces (90- Iimililitha ezili-120) Malunga nosuku kwiveki yesibini yobomi.
